Masewero a mamolekyulu, monga ma adsorbent ndi ma catalyst ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale monga petrochemicals, gasi leating, ndi kupanga okosijeni wazachipatala. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masewero a mamolekyulu, okhala ndi kukula kwa ma pore awo apadera komanso mawonekedwe a mankhwala, amapangidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ikupereka chiyambi chatsatanetsatane cha 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X (kuphatikiza 13X HP ndi 13X APG), ndi ma sewero a lithiamu molekyulu, omwe amakhudza matanthauzidwe awo, makhalidwe awo, ntchito zawo, ndi magawo ofunikira kuti athandize owerenga kumvetsetsa bwino momwe "ma sewero a mafakitale" awa amagwirira ntchito.
Ma sieve a mamolekyulu ndi ma aluminosilicates a kristalo okhala ndi mapangidwe ofanana a microporous omwe amayamwa mamolekyu mosankha kutengera kukula ndi polarity. Fomula yawo yonse ya mankhwala ndi iyi:
Mx/n[(AlO2)x(SiO2)y]⋅mH2O
kutiMikuyimira ma cations (monga, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺),nndi cation valence, ndipox/yimatsimikiza kukula kwa pores.
3A Sefa ya Maselo
Sieve ya molekyulu ya mtundu wa A yokhala ndi ma pore a ~3 Å (0.3 nm) yosinthidwa ndi potaziyamu ion (K⁺).
Mawonekedwe:
Amakoka mamolekyu amadzi okha (2.8 Å diameter), kupatula mamolekyu akuluakulu (monga ethylene, propane).
Mphamvu yayikulu yamakina komanso kukana kwambiri kuipitsidwa.
Mapulogalamu:
- Kuumitsa kwambiri kwa ethanol ndi mpweya wa petroleum wosungunuka.
- Kusowa madzi m'thupi m'mafiriji.
- Kupewa chinyezi mu mapulasitiki.
4A Sefa ya Molecular:
Sefa ya molekyulu ya mtundu wa A yokhala ndi sodium ion (Na⁺) yokhala ndi kukula kwa pore ya 4 Å (0.4 nm).
Mawonekedwe:
Amayamwa mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono monga madzi, methanol, ethanol, ndi CO₂.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi m'mafakitale oumitsira.
Mapulogalamu:
- Kuchotsa chinyezi m'makina oponderezedwa a mpweya.
- Chitetezo cha chinyezi cha mankhwala ndi zida zamagetsi.
- Wopanga detergent (wofewetsa madzi).
5A Sefa ya Maselo
Sieve ya molekyulu ya mtundu wa A yokhala ndi calcium ion (Ca²⁺) yokhala ndi kukula kwa pores ya 5 Å (0.5 nm).
Mawonekedwe:
- Amakoka ma alkanes olunjika (monga, C₃H₈, n-C₄H₁₀) koma samachotsa ma hydrocarbons opangidwa ndi nthambi.
- Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa isomer poyenga mafuta.
Mapulogalamu: - Kuchotsa mafuta m'thupi (kukonza kayendedwe ka madzi ozizira a dizilo).
- Kulekanitsa mpweya ndi nayitrogeni (kupanga mpweya wa PSA).
- Kuchotsa mpweya wachilengedwe (kuchotsa H₂S ndi CO₂).
Sieve ya 13X ya Maselo
Sieve ya molekyulu ya mtundu wa sodium X yokhala ndi kukula kwa pores ya 10 Å (1.0 nm) komanso malo okwera pamwamba.
Mawonekedwe:
Mphamvu yapadera yoyamwa mamolekyu akuluakulu (monga aromatics, hydrogen sulfide).
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa ndi kulekanitsa mpweya.
Mapulogalamu:
Kulekanitsa mpweya (kupanga mpweya/nayitrogeni).
Kuumitsa ndi kuchotsa mpweya wachilengedwe (CO₂ removal).
Kuchiza mpweya wotayidwa m'mafakitale (kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya woipa m'mafakitale).
13X HP (Kugwira Ntchito Kwambiri)
Tanthauzo: Sefa ya mamolekyulu ya 13X yokonzedwa bwino yokhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira yothira madzi komanso mphamvu yophwanya.
Mawonekedwe:
- Mphamvu yoyamwa madzi ndi 15–20% kuposa mphamvu ya 13X yokhazikika.
- Yoyenera malo okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi komanso chinyezi chambiri.
Mapulogalamu: - Magawo olekanitsa mpweya wa cryogenic.
- Kupanga mpweya woyera kwambiri (monga nayitrogeni wamagetsi).
13X APG (Gulu la Ndege)
Sefa ya molekyulu ya 13X yokonzedwa bwino ndi ndege yokhala ndi fumbi lochepa komanso yokhazikika kwambiri.
Mawonekedwe:
Zimagwirizana ndi miyezo ya ndege (monga, MIL-D-3464E).
Yolimba ku kukokoloka kwa mpweya, imakhala nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito.
Mapulogalamu:
Machitidwe oyendera mpweya m'ndege (kupanga mpweya m'nyumba).
Kuyeretsa mpweya wa zombo za mumlengalenga.
Sieve ya Lithium Molecular (Li-LSX)
Sieve ya molecular ya Lithium ion (Li⁺) yosinthidwa ndi X yokhala ndi kukula kwa pore ya ~9 Å.
Mawonekedwe:
- Kusankha kwamphamvu kwa nayitrogeni (N₂) kumamatira, zomwe zimathandiza kulekanitsa bwino mpweya ndi nayitrogeni.
- Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga oxygen yokwanira.
- Mapulogalamu:
- Zosungira mpweya m'thupi (>90% O₂ kuyera).
- Kuyaka kolemera kwa mpweya m'zitofu zophulika.
- Machitidwe othandizira moyo m'mabwato a pansi pamadzi ndi m'zombo zamlengalenga.
| Mtundu | Kukula kwa mbole | Mtundu wa Cation | Mamolekyulu Akuluakulu Omwe Amakhudzidwa | Kugwiritsa ntchito |
| 3X | 3 | K⁺ | H₂O | Kusowa madzi m'thupi chifukwa cha ethanol, kuumitsa kwa LPG |
| 4X | 4 | Na⁺ | H₂O, CO₂, CH₃OH | Zotsukira mpweya, zotsukira sopo |
| 5X | 5 | Ca²⁺ | n-alkanes, H₂S | Kuchotsa mafuta m'thupi (dewaxing) pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta, PSA O₂ |
| 13X | 10 | Na⁺ | CO₂, H₂S, zonunkhira | Kuyeretsa mpweya wachilengedwe, kulekanitsa mpweya |
| 13X HP | 10 | Na⁺ (yokonzedwa bwino) | Mamolekyu akuluakulu a mpweya | Kupanga mpweya woyera kwambiri |
| 13X APG | 10 | Na⁺ (fumbi lochepa) | Kuyeretsa mpweya wa ndege | Machitidwe a mpweya wa ndege |
| Li-LSX | 9 | Li⁺ | N₂ (yokonda) | Zosungira mpweya wamankhwala |
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-03-2025