Thovu loseferandi chinthu chokhala ndi maukonde atatu chomwe chimapangidwa ndi njira yopangira thovu pogwiritsa ntchito polyurethane (PU), rabala kapena zinthu zina za polima ngati matrix. Zinthu zake zazikulu ndi izi:
Ma pores ambiri (70% ~ 95%): Ma pores amalumikizana, kupanga njira zosefera.
Chitseko chosinthika: chosinthika kuyambira kusefedwa kolimba (PPI 10-30) mpaka kusefedwa kosalala (PPI 80-100).
Kutha kusinthasintha ndi kukana kupanikizika: Kubwerera ku mkhalidwe wake wakale pambuyo pokakamizidwa, koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera zosinthika.
Thovu losefera likhoza kugawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi zinthu, kukula kwa ma pore ndi momwe limagwiritsidwira ntchito:
1. Zinthu Zofunika
Siponji ya Polyurethane (PU):
Zinthu: Kuchuluka kwa pores, kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso kuyamwa madzi, koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosefera.
Ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi, kuyeretsa mpweya, kusefera mafakitale, ndi zina zotero.
Siponji ya polyester (PET):
Zinthu Zake: Yosagwira mafuta, yosalowa madzi, yosatha, yosagwira dzimbiri, komanso yamphamvu kwambiri pamakina.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Koyenera makina osefera m'madzi, kusefera mafuta, ndi zida zamafakitale.
Siponji ya polypropylene (PP):
Zinthu zake: Yolimba ku ukalamba ndi mankhwala, yopepuka komanso yosalowa madzi.
Ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi, kuyeretsa mpweya, zosefera mpweya zamagalimoto, ndi zina zotero.
Siponji ya kaboni yogwiritsidwa ntchito:
Makhalidwe: Imatha kuyamwa zinthu zachilengedwe, fungo, ndi zinthu zovulaza.
Ntchito: Yogwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa mpweya, kuyeretsa madzi, kuchiza mpweya woipa wa mafakitale, ndi zina zotero.
2. Kukula kwa kabowo
Siponji yokhala ndi mapokoso akuluakulu: Ndi mapokoso akuluakulu, ndi yoyenera kubisa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zinthu zodetsa monga fumbi, mchenga, ndi zina zotero.
Siponji yokhala ndi mapokoso ochepa: Ndi mapokoso ochepa, ndi yoyenera kuletsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi zina zotero.
3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito
Siponji yoyeretsera madzi: imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefa zinyalala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi ndikuwonjezera ubwino wa madzi.
Siponji yoyeretsera mpweya: imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefa fumbi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi mpweya woipa mumlengalenga.
Siponji yosefera ya mafakitale: imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefa zinyalala mu zakumwa ndi mpweya wa mafakitale, kuteteza zida, ndikukweza mtundu wa malonda.
Ntchito zodziwika kwambiri:
- Kuchiza madzi
Madzi apakhomo ndi amalonda: amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefera madzi asanayambe kuchotsedwa zinyalala zazikulu m'madzi ndikuteteza makina osefera omwe akutsatira.
Madzi a m'mafakitale: amagwiritsidwa ntchito poziziritsa madzi ndi madzi ozungulira kuti apewe kutsekeka ndi dzimbiri kwa zipangizo.
Kukonza madzi otayidwa: kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi yokonza madzi otayidwa kuti achotse zinthu zolimba zomwe zapachikidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri tomwe timadetsedwa ndi madzi otayidwa.
- Kuyeretsa Mpweya
Kachitidwe koziziritsira mpweya: kamagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zosefera zoziziritsira mpweya kuti zichotse fumbi, mungu, ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono mumlengalenga.
Chotsukira mpweya: chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mpweya woipa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mumlengalenga ndikukweza ubwino wa mpweya.
Njira yopumira mpweya m'mafakitale: imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi mpweya woipa mu mpweya wotayira zinyalala m'mafakitale.
- Kusefa kwa mafakitale
Kusefa mafuta: kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefa mafuta opaka, mafuta oyeretsera madzi, ndi zina zotero, kuchotsa zinyalala, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yautumiki wa mafuta.
Kusefa madzi a mankhwala: kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefa zinyalala mu zakumwa za mankhwala, kuteteza zida, ndikukweza ubwino wa zinthu.
Makampani ogulitsa zakudya ndi zakumwa: amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefa zinyalala mu chakudya ndi zakumwa kuti atsimikizire kuti zinthu zili bwino komanso kuti zinthuzo ndi zotetezeka.
- Zachipatala ndi Laboratory
Zipangizo zachipatala: zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefa zakumwa ndi mpweya m'zida zachipatala, kuonetsetsa kuti zidazo ndi zaukhondo komanso zotetezeka.
Laboratory: imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefa zakumwa ndi mpweya woyesera kuti zitsimikizire kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa zotsatira za kuyesa.
Lumikizanani nafe
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-10-2025